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The National Polytechnic Museum contains over 22,000 exhibits distributed in the collections: time-measurement, transportation, photo and cinema, optics, sound recorders, radio and television, computing, musical arrangements, surveying equipment, measuring equipment, domestic appliances, sewing and writing equipment, physical devices, communication equipment.

The museum guards valuable evidence relating to the life and scientific works of prominent Bulgarian scientists. The scientific archive of the museum includes over 2 000 units. The museum has video archive, cinema archive, photo archive, a reference unit in the history of science and technology, personal archives, specialized library with reading room with more than 12 000 books and periodicals, a collection of works of art with technical subjects, cartographic works and many more.

The permanent exhibition with area of 1 000 square meters shows only about 1 000 objects from the rich fund of the museum. The Polytechnic Museum has developed over 140 exhibitions from various fields of science - "Memories of Bulgarian industry," "Meet the Museum of Science and Technology", “The Magic of the camera obscura”, “History of the Bulgarian equipment’, "Electrification of Bulgaria", "Mining in Bulgaria" and many others. The exhibitions are displayed in Bulgaria and abroad. The number of visitors to the museum is about 30 000 people annually.

The National Polytechnic Museum’s collections have stored equipment and machinery which characterizes various techniques and technologies. Among them, stands attractive collection of watches. Its beginning was in 1971 when the national Cinema Center provided part of its property stored In the Royal Palace. Among the many objects there are 17 clocks from the collection of King Ferdinand I and Boris III. National Polytechnic Museum owns the only in the country complete collection of miners' lamps used in the Bulgarian lands from ancient times until today.

Especially interesting for lovers of music and lovers of antiques is the collection of recording and sound reproducing equipment. Collected systematically from the creation of the museum, today it counts more than 80 objects and covers the period from the dawn of sound recording (Edison’s phonograph) to the appearance of the tape recorder.

The collection “Computing” studies the development of technical means for calculating, from the simplest used by different civilizations in ancient times to the PC. This includes prototypes of ancient abaci, Indian "kipu", the common in the Bulgarian lands "raboshi", wooden abacus, aritmometers, mechanical cash registers of the late nineteenth century, mechanical and electrical calculating machines, the first Bulgarian electronic calculators "Elka" and the first Bulgarian PCs "Pravetz".